Hydraulic press



J. N. WOOD.

HYDRAULIC PRESS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 19,1920.

1,429,665 P ent d Sept- 119, 1922.;

2 SHEETSSHEET 1- 7 0 Pom/ IQIHMPL J. N. WOOD.

HYDRAULIC PRESS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 19,1920.

PatentedSept. 19, 1922.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I l J 35 %I QQ Patented Sept. 19, 1922.

UNHTELD STATES Parent coerce.-

J'AMES N. W001), 016 WASHINGTON, DISTRICTOF GOL'UMBIA.

nrnaauarc ranss.

Application filed July 19,

use the same.

My invention relates to hydraulic presses, and consists of certain newand useful improvements in what I may term, a compound hydraulic pressby which I obtain great lifting power, together with a simplicity ofconstruction and operation which makes the device desirable andeffective.

My invention involves the application of the principle of the hydraulicintensifier, but instead of using a long auxiliary stroke as in thatdevice, a series of short intermittent strokes is employed, enabling theapplication of the principle, to pressing or jacking machines, Where thequestion of space is important and producing an economical constructionby reason of a shortening of the machine and a consequent decrease inweight and size.

Through the multiple effect gained by transmitting the pressure from alarge primary piston to a smaller one, and cansing the latter totransmit its augmented pressure to a third piston, it becomes possibleto reach a high total pressure on the third piston termed the pressingor lifting piston, with a comparatively low gauge pressure from thepower pump.

The pressure on the final piston will be governed by the relative areasof the piston heads, and the initial pressure in the primary pump,according to Pascals law.

It may be noted that low pressure makes possible the use ofa cheapergrade of pum as the valves and fittings necessary to a hig 1 pressurepump are not required, and at the same time, a comparatively smallincrease of gauge pressure at the pump or other source of power, willlead to a great increase of total pressure exhibited by the final pistonor ram.

This gives my improved machine a great flexibility and adaptability toloads of various kinds.

It is also a feature of my improvement that I cause the pressure to beretained and 1920. Serial No. 397,276.

the load to be maintained ata desired point, by the enclosed water,thereby obviating the use of screws or racks for that purpose,

making the machine homogeneous and self contained.

The invention is more specifically 'se forth in the following detaileddescription, which should be read 1n connection with the accompanyingdrawings.

In said drawings Fig. 1 is a side view of the completedstructure, and

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the same.

In the drawings 1 represents a cylinder which is so constructed as toprovide bearlpgls for three pistons 2, 3, 4, in which they s 1 e. benoted, are of difierent diameters and areas, and the small piston 3moves in a central supplemental cylinder 4 closed at its upper end 5, inwhich there is placed a check valve 6, provided with the usual springand connection to hold it normally closed.

Thepiston heads 3 and 2' and the piston head 2 is lar er than the istonhead 3.

acking 2' is provided for the piston 2 and a cup leather 3' serves aspacking for the piston 3' while cup leather 4 serves the same purposefor the piston 4.

The numeral 7 represents a pipe which opens at one end into the maincylinder 1,

beneath the piston head 4, and connects at its other extremity with ahydraulic pump, not shown. In the pipe 7 are placed two valves 8' and 9whic'lrare of the tapered plug type, the valve 9 being a one-way valveand the valve 8 a two-way structure.

The pipe 7 is also provided with a taper valve 10 having a handle formanually operating the same.

11 represents a rod secured-to the piston 4 and passing through thecylinder wall provided with projections or forks 12 and 13, adjustablymounted thereon, which engage a crank 14, thereby opening or closmg thevalve 9, cutting off or admitting water from the hydraulic pump.

The heads of these pistons, it will head 4 is larger than the pistonMounted upon the other end of the taper upper portion of the cylinder tothe hydraulic pump (not shown) and in this pipe there is mounted amanually operable taper valve 19.

In the wall of the supplemental cylinder, there is a cored passage 20,which communicates with the interior of the cylinder at its upperextremity, and with a pipe 21 at its other extremity. In the pipe 21there is mounted a check valve 22 provided with a pipe connection whichleads to a reservoir 23, having a pressure at or above atmospheric.

24 represents an exhaust connection, pro- .Vided with a Valve which ismanually opened to permit the exit of water from the chamber of piston2. When it is desirable to remove the bale, the valve is opened and theoutflow of fluid and weight of the piston 2, causes the latter todescend, thereby releasing the bale.

From the foregoing, it is thought the mode of operation of the device isapparent.

For purposes of illustration, we will assume that a bale is to becompressed. To this end the bale A (indicated in dotted lines) which maybe of cotton or other material, and which may or may not be partiallycompressed, is placed upon the platform 25 connected with the piston 2.v

The tapered plug cook 19 which communicates with the hydraulic pump, isthenmanually opened, admitting fluid to the upper part of the cylinderand beneath the piston 2, forcingthe latter upward. As soon as thepiston 2 has reached the desired upward limit of its stroke, the valve19 is closed manually and the taper valve 10 is opened admitting waterfrom the pump to the pipe line 7, the valves 8 and 9 being then open asshown in the drawings.

Fluid from the pump enters the cylinder beneath the piston 4, and forcesit to rise,

the extension piston 3 attached thereto, risin simultaneously therewith.1

he chamber above the piston 3, at this time is filled with Water, whichhas been admitted through the cored passage 20 from the reservoir orother source of supply 23 at a pressure at or above atmospheric, beingadmitted through the check valve 22. It is obvious that the check valve22 permits the water to flow into the chamber above the piston 3, butwill not allow it to return.

As the pistons 4 and 3 rise, the pressure on the confined waterlifts thecheck valve 6 and the water in the chamber above the piston 3, is forcedinto the chamber of the cylin- V der, beneaththe piston 2, which isforced upward to an additional extent, it being ob- I vious that thepressure of the water in the chamber above the piston 3 Will exert apressure on the water in the chamber into which it is forced and henceupon the piston 2, equal to the total pressure on the piston 4.

the piston 3.

The pressure of the piston 3 will be communicated to the piston 2 as thevalve 6 lifts, the pressure per square inch on the piston 2 being thesame as on the piston 3.

While the piston 2 will rise the fact of its being larger in crosssection than the piston 3, will cause it to move only a fraction of thedistance of the stroke of the piston 3.

N ow then assuming that the area of the piston 2 is eight times that ofthe piston 3, the total pressure on the piston 2 will be ei ht times thepressure on the piston 3. In other words, the pressure on the piston 2will be increased but its movement will be less. Of course it followsthat the increase of pressure upon the piston 2 will further compressthe bale A.

Upon the piston 4 reaching the upward limit of its stroke, the fork 12on rod 11 will engage the crank 14 of the valve 9 closing the valve andcutting off the flow of water from the pump, while the crank 15 on theother end of the taper plug of valve 9 operating through the linkconnection 16, opens the two-way valve 8 so as to allow the water toescape from the cylinder under the piston 4. I

The weight of the piston 4 being considerable, it descends by gravity asthe water recedes, the piston 3 also descending at the same time.

As-the piston 3 falls, the check valve 6 resumes its seat causing thepiston 3 to act as a suction device through the passage to the checkvalve 22.

Owing to the suction thus created, the valve 22 opens and water from thereservoir 23 or other source, enters the space above the piston 3,filling the same as the piston descends, thereby preventing theformation of a vacuum which would tend to retard the downward stroke ofthe pistons 3 and 4.

As soon as the water under the piston 4 has escaped, the'latter falls toits original and lowest position and the fork 13 opens the valve 9 andcloses the two-Way valve 8 and so again prevents the outflow of waterfrom beneath the piston 4 and again admits Water to lift the piston 4,and the supplemental compression cycle is repeated, until the bale iscompressed to a desired density. When this has been accomplished, thevalve 24 is opened to permit the water to escape from beneath the piston2, allowing the said piston to drop to its lowest position, and the baleto be removed.

At the end of each upward strokeof the pistons 3, 4, the valve 6 resumesits seat and the valve 22 is closed by means of the pressure through thecored passage, and water bein uncompressible, or nearly so, the enclosedtains the load upon that piston, and maintains the pressure thereon,awaiting further pressure from the intermittently acting supplementalpistons 3 and 4.

s a means of forming bales of all descriptions, I provide for apreliminary moderate pressure to be applied at one stroke therebyreducing the bale to one of air density and then causing a furtherreductlon by operating the secondary reciprocatlng supplementary pistonsas described.

As a lifting jack for heavy loads, the device provides a simple means ofsecuring extraordinary lifting effect, from an hydraullc pump of aninferior grade.

It is obvious that my improved press mechanism may be so arranged thatpressure may be exerted downwardly or laterally and yet be within thescope of my invention.

What I claim and desire to secure Letters Patent is 1. An hydraulicpress comprising amain cylinder, provided with three interiorcylindrical chambers of different diameters, pistons slidably mounted insaid cylindrical chambers havingpiston heads of difl'erent areas, meansfor admitting fluid under pressure beneath said pistons and to thecylindrical chamber above the smaller'of said pistons, and meansforpermitting the exit of fluid from said chamber under pressure.

2; An hydraulic press comprising a main cylinder provided with interiorcylindrical chambers of diflerent diameters, pistons slidably mounted insaid cylindrical chamhers, means for admitting fluid under pressurebeneath said pistons and to the cylindrical chamber .above one of saidpistons,

a valve mounted in the end wall of the smaller cylindrical chamberopening upon the outward stroke of the smaller piston, means for closingthe said valve upon the downward stroke of said piston, and means foradmitting fluid 170 said chamber above said piston as the latterdescends.

3. An hydraulic press comprising a main fluid under the piston 2, sus-'cylinder provided with interior cylindrical chambers of differentdiameters, pistons slidably mounted in said cylindrical chambers, a pipeconnecting the lower chamber, beneath the piston mounted therein, with apump, valves mounted in said pipe, and means mounted on said piston foroperating said valves, upon the rising and fall' of the piston.

4. An hydraulic press comprising a main cylinder provided with interiorcylindrical chambers of difli'erent diameters, pistons slidably mountedin said chambers, a pipe connecting the lower chamber, beneath thepiston mounted therein with a pump, a t '0'- wayand one-way valvemounted in s, Y pipe, the former opening into the atmosphere when turnedin one direction, and means for operating said valves simultaneouslyupon the raising and lowering of the said piston.

5. An hydraulic press comprising a main cylinder provided with interiorcylindrical chambers of different diameters, pistons slidably mounted insaid chambers, a pipe connecting the lower chamber, beneath the pistonmounted therein, with a pump, a twoway and a one-way valve mounted insaid pipe, means for operating said valves simultaneously upon theraising and lowering of said-piston and a manually operated valve, alsomounted in said pipe at a point between the one-way valve and the pump.

An hydraulic press comprising a main cylinder provided with threeinterior cylindrical chambers of difierent diameters, pis

tons slidably mounted in said chambers, a

pipe connecting the lower chamber, beneath the piston mounted therein,with a pump, valves mounted in said pipe, means connected with the saidpiston for, operating said valves upon its upward and downward strokes,a pipe connecting the next smaller chamber at a point beneath the pistonmounted therein, with the pump and a manually operated valve mounted insaid pipe.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

JAMES N. WOOD.

